Conversely, Slovenian grammatical gender are totally grammaticalized and will otherwise may not overlap which have physiological sex
As well as the male suffix -ec, which was above-mentioned by Vidovic-Muha (), the study also means the brand new Slovenian male suffix -ar
The initial the main paper is about new derivation out-of feminine and you will male nouns to own procedures in the English and you can Slovenian. The research implies that the brand new dominating form of women nouns in one another dialects pertains to derivation via affixation, if you are English also https://kissbrides.com/no/matchtruly-anmeldelse/ features compounding. Masculinatives try uncommon in languages; he could be primarily shaped when it comes to disciplines which have been generally thought the main feminine areas. New suffix is not effective but could be present in the phrase babicar (‘male midwife’). The most truly effective difference in the 2 dialects would be the fact contemporary English appears to be leaving the application of gender-noted models (with the exception of the fresh new unusual feminatives one continue to be), while inside Slovenian, once the evidenced because of the corpus data, the usage of feminatives is rising. The cause of that it asymmetry is grounded on the fact that English provides a virtually low-existent grammatical gender system, and in most cases uses an identical terminology to spell it out a person employed in a particular field. Hence, when it comes to female referents using women nouns is now well-known, just like the access to masculine general variations is found on the newest decline.
All of our corpus studies means that the difference between masculine and you can female nouns to have procedures are best revealed from the investigating the collocators, semantic choices, and you will semantic relationships (Sinclair 1996 and you can Philip 2010).
Slovenian nouns denoting disciplines features clear referents with regard to gender, and their modern-day fool around with – evidenced into the corpora – shows a very clear tendency towards the agreement ranging from grammatical and you can biological genders
The brand new collocators from English male and you may female nouns with the checked-out procedures (actress/star, policewoman/policeman in the waiter/waiter) shows that they share particular semantic environment: related professions; places and you may landscape in the profession; private names; conditions detailing the quality of what they do; plus the regular measures for the community. Certain specific associative significance also are found if we see the fresh new collocators discussing individual attributes and appear. This new feminatives commonly co-exist which have phrases to own stereotypically feminine character traits and identity (and additionally sexual
connotations). This will be according to Caldas-Coulthard and you can Moon (2010), just who identify like asymmetries with stereotypes regarding gender, sexualization of females, including as we age and you will habits.
Slovenian male/women sets to have specialities tell you similar findings. Off semantic taste, we are able to to see terms regarding typical procedures; normal towns and landscaping; relevant procedures; personality traits; and appear. Yet the corpus analysis together with show some tall distinctions. New sets of Slovenian masculine and women nouns talking about disciplines is going to be split up into one or two communities. The original that constitutes pairs which might be semantically similar and you will stylistically un), once the sets in the next category is actually subject to (an amount of) semantic narrowing and stylistic marking.
A model into very first category is the couples zdravnica/zdravnik (‘female/male doctor’), both of that can co-exist which have expressions talking about the type of works, normal tips and you will relevant procedures. The feminine nouns such pairs is actually stylistically unmarked. A comparable conclusion can be attained to your sets sodnica/sodnik (‘female/men judge’) and you can vzgojiteljica/vzgojitelj (‘female/male kindergarten teacher’), however with a caveat. The form of the two sodnica/sodnik overlap about fields out-of law and you will sport; but not, the knowledge together with mirror the new personal standing of your community – the most important ranks (e.grams., constitutional judges) are nevertheless primarily arranged for males. The pair vzgojiteljica/vzgojitelj can be described as an excellent borderline situation ranging from noted and you may unmarked definition. This new corpus data strongly recommend a level of semantic narrowing and you may stylistic marking: the definition out-of “professor in students dorm” makes reference to guys, as the access to adjectives (patient women and you will rigorous males) what to gender stereotyping.
